| Manufacturing and assembly | Machine-vision camera or digital inspection microscope | Surface defects, component placement, dimensions, and assembly presence | Supports repeatable checks on production lines and can help identify visible defects early. | Lighting, camera position, and inspection criteria need to be set for the part and task. |
| Electronics and circuit-board work | Stereo microscope or high-resolution camera system | Solder joints, fine-pitch components, connector alignment, and board damage | Magnified viewing helps technicians examine small features that are difficult to assess unaided. | Magnification and working distance should allow the inspector to view the whole feature clearly. |
| Pipes, tanks, and enclosed spaces | Remote visual inspection camera or borescope | Corrosion, deposits, cracks, blockages, and internal surface condition | Provides a view of areas that may be difficult or unsafe to reach directly, sometimes without dismantling equipment. | Probe length, tip diameter, articulation, and access openings determine where it can be used. |
| Automotive and heavy equipment maintenance | Inspection camera or borescope | Internal engine areas, cylinders, ducts, and other restricted-access components | Can help locate visible signs of wear or damage during troubleshooting and maintenance. | Visual findings may need confirmation with other tests, especially for hidden or subsurface defects. |
| Food and pharmaceutical production | Line-scan or area-scan vision system | Packaging, labels, seals, fill levels, and visible product defects | Automated image checks can support consistent inspection at production speed. | The system must be validated for the product, packaging, lighting conditions, and applicable procedures. |
| Building and infrastructure maintenance | Digital camera, inspection scope, or drone-mounted camera | Visible cracks, coating damage, leaks, and hard-to-reach exterior surfaces | Images help document conditions and compare observations across inspections. | Access, image resolution, weather, and safe operating procedures can limit the inspection. |