| Basic Vehicle Warranty | A clearly stated time and mileage limit, commonly around 3 years or 100,000 km in many markets, with the exact terms confirmed in writing. | Official warranty booklet, start date, mileage limit, exclusions, and transfer conditions. | Verbal promises, unclear exclusions, or a warranty that begins before the delivery date without explanation. | 15% |
| Battery and Electric-System Coverage | For electric vehicles, battery warranties commonly extend to about 8 years or 160,000 km, often with a minimum retained-capacity condition. | Battery warranty terms, capacity threshold, diagnostic process, and replacement policy. | No stated capacity threshold, unclear replacement responsibility, or exclusions for ordinary battery degradation. | 10% |
| Warranty Claim Process | The dealer explains claim steps, inspection requirements, approval authority, expected response time, and customer escalation options. | Written claim procedure, service contact details, and sample repair-order documentation. | The customer must negotiate every claim individually or pay first without a written reimbursement policy. | 8% |
| Finance Rate Transparency | The quote shows the annual percentage rate or equivalent local measure, loan term, deposit, monthly payment, fees, taxes, and total amount payable. | Standardized finance disclosure, repayment schedule, lender details, and early-settlement terms. | Only a monthly payment is advertised, with no total repayment figure or mandatory add-on costs. | 12% |
| Total Purchase Price | A written, itemized “out-the-door” price includes the vehicle, taxes, registration, delivery, documentation, accessories, and all mandatory charges. | Signed quotation with an offer-validity date and a complete list of optional and compulsory items. | Unexpected administration fees, unexplained accessories, or a price that changes after a deposit is paid. | 12% |
| Deposit and Cancellation Terms | The deposit amount, refund conditions, cancellation deadlines, delivery delays, and dealer remedies are stated before payment. | Sales contract, deposit receipt, cancellation clause, and delivery commitment. | Cash-only requests, pressure to pay immediately, or a non-refundable deposit with no written justification. | 8% |
| Service Network and Technician Capability | The dealer can identify authorized service locations, trained technicians, diagnostic equipment, and the correct maintenance schedule for the vehicle. | Service-center address, technician qualifications, equipment list, and maintenance schedule. | No local service facility, dependence on informal repairers, or inability to explain maintenance requirements. | 10% |
| Parts Availability | The dealer provides a realistic parts-ordering process and communicates estimated lead times for routine and warranty parts. | Parts policy, local inventory information, ordering process, and escalation contact. | No estimated delivery time, customer-funded international shipping without disclosure, or repeated parts shortages. | 8% |
| Roadside Assistance | Coverage duration, geographic limits, towing distance, accident assistance, and excluded situations are clearly defined; coverage commonly ranges from 1 to 5 years. | Roadside-assistance certificate, emergency number, response conditions, and renewal cost. | Coverage applies only near the selling location or excludes cross-border travel without clear notice. | 5% |
| Complaint Handling | There is a named contact, written complaint channel, case reference number, escalation route, and documented response target. | Customer-care policy, escalation contacts, and applicable independent dispute-resolution body. | Complaints are handled only verbally or solely by the salesperson involved in the dispute. | 7% |
| Documentation and Delivery Inspection | The customer receives the purchase contract, invoice, registration documents, warranty records, service schedule, vehicle identification details, and delivery checklist. | Document checklist, pre-delivery inspection report, mileage record, and damage disclosure. | Missing documents, inconsistent vehicle identification numbers, unexplained delivery mileage, or pressure to sign incomplete paperwork. | 5% |